Pacific Anomalies Workshop Two: Understanding North Pacific Climate Patterns

In January 2016, the University of Washington (UW) hosted the Pacific Anomalies Workshop Two, a gathering of leading atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, and ecologists. The central focus of the workshop was to dissect and understand the unusual ocean weather and climate patterns observed across the North Pacific basin, and to identify the underlying mechanisms driving these anomalies.

The workshop addressed the pressing issue of extreme conditions arising in physical and biogeochemical parameters throughout the North Pacific. These extreme conditions were demonstrably impacting pelagic ecosystems, with particular attention given to the effects on fisheries, an industry and food source vital to the region and the world.

A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

The strength of the Pacific Anomalies Workshop lay in its interdisciplinary approach. By bringing together experts from diverse fields, the workshop facilitated a holistic understanding of the complex interactions within the North Pacific climate system. Oceanographers shared data on sea surface temperatures and salinity levels, while atmospheric scientists presented findings on wind patterns and precipitation. Ecologists contributed insights into how these physical changes affected marine life, from plankton to apex predators. This collaborative environment fostered a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of the North Pacific ecosystem.

Key Topics Discussed

• Unusual Ocean Weather Patterns: The workshop dedicated significant time to characterizing the specific anomalies observed in the North Pacific. This included discussions on unusually warm water patches (often referred to as "the blob"), shifts in ocean currents, and alterations in storm tracks.
• Climate Drivers: Identifying the root causes of these anomalies was a primary objective. Presentations and discussions covered the roles of various climate phenomena, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), in influencing North Pacific weather patterns. The PDO, in particular, is known for its long-term fluctuations that can significantly impact ocean temperatures and marine ecosystems.
• Biogeochemical Impacts: Changes in ocean chemistry, such as ocean acidification and nutrient availability, were also examined. These factors can have profound effects on marine organisms, altering food web dynamics and impacting the health of fisheries.
• Pelagic Ecosystem Effects: A significant portion of the workshop focused on the ecological consequences of these anomalies. Researchers presented data on changes in plankton abundance, shifts in fish populations, and the impacts on marine mammals and seabirds. Understanding these ecological responses is crucial for predicting future changes and developing effective management strategies.
• Fisheries Implications: The workshop specifically addressed the economic and social impacts of these changes on fisheries. Declines in fish stocks, alterations in migration patterns, and the emergence of invasive species were all discussed in the context of their effects on the fishing industry and coastal communities.

Sponsors and Collaboration

The Pacific Anomalies Workshop Two was made possible by the generous support and collaboration of several prominent organizations:

• U.S. IOOS (Integrated Ocean Observing System): IOOS plays a critical role in providing real-time data and information about the oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes.
• NOAA OAR Ocean Climate Observation Program: This NOAA program supports long-term ocean observations that are essential for understanding climate variability and change.
• NOAA Western Regional Team: NOAA's regional teams work to address specific environmental challenges in different parts of the country.
• Washington Sea Grant & California Sea Grant: These Sea Grant programs support research, education, and outreach activities related to coastal and marine resources. They are vital links between the scientific community and the public.
• University of Washington’s College of the Environment: UW's College of the Environment is a leading center for environmental research and education.
• Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at UW: APL conducts research in a wide range of fields, including oceanography, acoustics, and remote sensing.
• Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO): JISAO is a cooperative institute between NOAA and the University of Washington that focuses on climate and ocean research.

The collaboration of these diverse entities highlights the importance of a coordinated approach to understanding and addressing the complex challenges facing the North Pacific ecosystem.

While specific presentations and findings from the workshop are not detailed in this summary, the event served as a crucial platform for sharing knowledge, fostering collaboration, and advancing our understanding of the dynamic and vulnerable North Pacific Ocean.